December 2006 • Volume 100 • Special Supplement

Table 5

Moderate/severe limitations and health status for older adults with comorbid depression risk and visual impairment (VI).

Note: (a) = Reference group for multivariate analysis. CI = confidence interval. AOR = adjusted odds ratio. All AORs adjusted by age, race/ethnicity and sex. Findings statistically significant at p < .001.

Data Source: National Center for Health Statistics. (1997-2004). National Health Interview Survey, Sample Adult Files. Hyattsville, MD: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved January 5, 2006, from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm.

Description: The table is broken into three sections vertically. The top section presents data on older adults with mild-moderate depression risk; the middle section presents data on ; and the bottom section presents data on older adults with no depression risk. For each section, there are 5 main heads: Domain; No depression risk, no VI(a), with subheads %, AOR, and AOR 95% CI; Mild-moderate depression risk only, with subheads %, AOR, and AOR 95% CI; VI only, with subheads %, AOR, and AOR 95% CI; and Both VI & mild-moderate depression risk, with subheads %, AOR, and AOR 95% CI.

Older adults with mild-moderate depression risk

Domain: Difficulty walking 1/4 mile; No depression risk, no VI(a)%: 12.4; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR: 1.0; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR 95% CI: --; Mild-moderate depression risk only, %: 28.9; Mild-moderate depression risk only, AOR: 2.1; Mild-moderate depression risk only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.1; VI only, %: 40.1; VI only, AOR: 2.5; VI only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.2; Both VI & mild-moderate depression risk, %: 43.0; Both VI & mild-moderate depression risk, AOR: 5.1; Both VI & mild-moderate depression risk, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.4.

Domain: Difficulty climbing 10 steps; No depression risk, no VI(a)%: 8.9; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR: 1.0; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR 95% CI: --; Mild-moderate depression risk only, %: 21.2; Mild-moderate depression risk only, AOR: 2.0; Mild-moderate depression risk only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.1; VI only, %: 32.0; VI only, AOR: 2.6; VI only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.2; Both VI & mild-moderate depression risk, %: 33.7; Both VI & mild-moderate depression risk, AOR: 4.9; Both VI & mild-moderate depression risk, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.4.

Domain: Difficulty shopping; No depression risk, no VI(a)%: 4.1; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR: 1.0; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR 95% CI: --; Mild-moderate depression risk only, %: 12.9; Mild-moderate depression risk only, AOR: 2.2; Mild-moderate depression risk only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.2; VI only, %: 21.6; VI only, AOR: 2.9; VI only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.2; Both VI & mild-moderate depression risk, %: 23.0; Both VI & mild-moderate depression risk, AOR: 6.7; Both VI & mild-moderate depression risk, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.3.

Domain: Difficulty socializing; No depression risk, no VI(a)%: 3.2; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR: 1.0; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR 95% CI: --; Mild-moderate depression risk only, %: 9.9; Mild-moderate depression risk only, AOR: 2.1; Mild-moderate depression risk only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.2; VI only, %: 17.1; VI only, AOR: 2.9; VI only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.2; Both VI & mild-moderate depression risk, %: 18.2; Both VI & mild-moderate depression risk, AOR: 6.4; Both VI & mild-moderate depression risk, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.8.

Domain: Better health status; No depression risk, no VI(a)%: 12.6; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR: 1.0; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR 95% CI: --; Mild-moderate depression risk only, %: 14.0; Mild-moderate depression risk only, AOR: 1.3; Mild-moderate depression risk only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.03; VI only, %: 12.7; VI only, AOR: 1.1; VI only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.08; Both VI & mild-moderate depression risk, %: 13.9; Both VI & mild-moderate depression risk, AOR: 1.5; Both VI & mild-moderate depression risk, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.1.

Domain: Worse health status; No depression risk, no VI(a)%: 6.9; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR: 1.0; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR 95% CI: --; Mild-moderate depression risk only, %: 18.0; Mild-moderate depression risk only, AOR: 2.4; Mild-moderate depression risk only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.1; VI only, %: 125.0; VI only, AOR: 2.2; VI only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.1; Both VI & mild-moderate depression risk, %: 26.8; Both VI & mild-moderate depression risk, AOR: 5.3; Both VI & mild-moderate depression risk, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.4.

Domain: Same(a) health status; No depression risk, no VI(a)%: 80.5; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR: 1.0; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR 95% CI: --; Mild-moderate depression risk only, %: 68.0; Mild-moderate depression risk only, AOR: 1.0; Mild-moderate depression risk only, AOR 95% CI: *; VI only, %: 62.2; VI only, AOR: 1.0; VI only, AOR 95% CI: *; Both VI & mild-moderate depression risk, %: 59.3; Both VI & mild-moderate depression risk, AOR: 1.0; Both VI & mild-moderate depression risk, AOR 95% CI: *.

Older adults with severe depression risk

Domain: Difficulty walking 1/4 mile; No depression risk, no VI(a), %:12.4 ; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR: 1.0 ; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR 95% CI: --; Severe depression risk only, %: 63.2; Severe depression risk only, AOR: 7.9; Severe depression risk only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 1.2; VI only, %: 40.1; VI only, AOR: 2.5; VI only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.2; Both severe depression risk & VI, %: 74.0; Both severe depression risk & VI, AOR: 19.5; Both severe depression risk & VI, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 4.8.

Domain: Difficulty climbing 10 steps; No depression risk, no VI(a), %:8.9 ; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR: 1.0 ; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR 95% CI: --; Severe depression risk only, %: 54.7; Severe depression risk only, AOR: 7.7; Severe depression risk only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 1.1; VI only, %: 32.0; VI only, AOR: 2.6; VI only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.2; Both severe depression risk & VI, %: 65.2; Both severe depression risk & VI, AOR: 18.5; Both severe depression risk & VI, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 4.3.

Domain: Difficulty shopping; No depression risk, no VI(a), %:4.1 ; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR: 1.0 ; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR 95% CI: --; Severe depression risk only, %: 41.5; Severe depression risk only, AOR: 9.4; Severe depression risk only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 1.5; VI only, %: 21.6; VI only, AOR: 2.9; VI only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.2; Both severe depression risk & VI, %: 50.6; Both severe depression risk & VI, AOR: 23.3; Both severe depression risk & VI, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 5.6.

Domain: Difficulty socializing; No depression risk, no VI(a), %: 3.2 ; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR: 1.0 ; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR 95% CI: --; Severe depression risk only, %: 37.1; Severe depression risk only, AOR: 10.0; Severe depression risk only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 1.6; VI only, %: 17.1; VI only, AOR: 2.9; VI only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.2; Both severe depression risk & VI, %: 45.1; Both severe depression risk & VI, AOR: 23.9; Both severe depression risk & VI, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 5.7.

Domain: Better health status; No depression risk, no VI(a), %:12.6 ; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR: 1.0 ; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR 95% CI: --; Severe depression risk only, %: 11.4; Severe depression risk only, AOR: AOR: 1.7; Severe depression risk only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.3; VI only, %: 12.7; VI only, AOR: 1.1; VI only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.08; Both severe depression risk & VI, %: 8.7; Both severe depression risk & VI, AOR: 1.5; Both severe depression risk & VI, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.5.

Domain: Worse health status; No depression risk, no VI(a), %: 6.9 ; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR: 1.0 ; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR 95% CI: --; Severe depression risk only, %: 46.4; Severe depression risk only, AOR: AOR: 8.7; Severe depression risk only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 1.1; VI only, %: 25.0; VI only, AOR: 2.2; VI only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.1; Both severe depression risk & VI, %: 55.7; Both severe depression risk & VI, AOR: 18.3; Both severe depression risk & VI, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 3.5.

Domain: Same(a) health status; No depression risk, no VI(a), %: 80.5 ; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR: 1.0 ; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR 95% CI: --; Severe depression risk only, %: 42.2; Severe depression risk only, AOR: 1.0; Severe depression risk only, AOR 95% CI: *; VI only, %: 62.2; VI only, AOR: 1.0; VI only, AOR 95% CI: *; Both severe depression risk & VI, %: 35.6; Both severe depression risk & VI, AOR: 1.0; Both severe depression risk & VI, AOR 95% CI: *.

Older adults with no depression risk

Domain: Difficulty walking 1/4 mile; No depression risk, no VI, %: 12.4 Older adults with no depression risk; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR: 1.0 Older adults with no depression risk; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR 95% CI: --; No depression risk only, %: 14.4; No depression risk only, AOR: 1.0; No depression risk only, AOR 95% CI: *; VI, %: 40.1; VI, AOR: 2.5; VI, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.2; Both no depression risk & VI only, %: 30.1; Both no depression risk & VI only, AOR: 3.0; Both no depression risk & VI only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.3.

Domain: Difficulty climbing 10 steps; No depression risk, no VI, %: 8.9 Older adults with no depression risk; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR: 1.0 Older adults with no depression risk; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR 95% CI: --; No depression risk only, %: 10.7; No depression risk only, AOR: 1.0; No depression risk only, AOR 95% CI: *; VI, %: 32.0; VI, AOR: 2.6; VI, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.2; Both no depression risk & VI only, %: 23.8; Both no depression risk & VI only, AOR: 3.2; Both no depression risk & VI only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.4.

Domain: Difficulty shopping; No depression risk, no VI, %: 4.1 Older adults with no depression risk; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR: 1.0 Older adults with no depression risk; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR 95% CI: --; No depression risk only, %: 5.3; No depression risk only, AOR: 1.0; No depression risk only, AOR 95% CI: *; VI, %: 21.6; VI, AOR: 2.9; VI, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.2; Both no depression risk & VI only, %: 15.1; Both no depression risk & VI only, AOR: 4.1; Both no depression risk & VI only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.6.

Domain: Difficulty socializing; No depression risk, no VI, %: 3.2 Older adults with no depression risk; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR: 1.0 Older adults with no depression risk; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR 95% CI: --; No depression risk only, %: 4.1; No depression risk only, AOR: 1.0; No depression risk only, AOR 95% CI: *; VI, %: 17.1; VI, AOR: 2.9; VI, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.2; Both no depression risk & VI only, %: 11.6; Both no depression risk & VI only, AOR: 3.9; Both no depression risk & VI only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.6.

Domain: Better health status; No depression risk, no VI, %: 12.6 Older adults with no depression risk; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR: 1.0 Older adults with no depression risk; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR 95% CI: --; No depression risk only, %: 12.5; No depression risk only, AOR: 1.0; No depression risk only, AOR 95% CI: *; VI, %: 12.7; VI, AOR: 1.1; VI, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.08; Both no depression risk & VI only, %: 11.6; Both no depression risk & VI only, AOR: 1.0; Both no depression risk & VI only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.1.

Domain: Worse health status; No depression risk, no VI, %: 6.9 Older adults with no depression risk; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR: 1.0 Older adults with no depression risk; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR 95% CI: --; No depression risk only, %: 8.1; No depression risk only, AOR: 1.0; No depression risk only, AOR 95% CI: *; VI, %: 25.0; VI, AOR: 2.2; VI, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.1; Both no depression risk & VI only, %: 17.1; Both no depression risk & VI only, AOR: 2.8; Both no depression risk & VI only, AOR 95% CI: plus or minus 0.3.

Domain: Same(a) health status; No depression risk, no VI, %: 80.5 Older adults with no depression risk; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR: 1.0 Older adults with no depression risk; No depression risk, no VI(a), AOR 95% CI: --; No depression risk only, %: 79.4; No depression risk only, AOR: 1.0; No depression risk only, AOR 95% CI: *; VI, %: 62.2; VI, AOR: 1.0; VI, AOR 95% CI: *; Both no depression risk & VI only, %: 71.3; Both no depression risk & VI only, AOR: 1.0; Both no depression risk & VI only, AOR 95% CI:

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