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Figure 1.
Figure 1. Tacticle writing systems.
Narrative:
The figure shows the letters of the alphabet, numbers, and symbols for four point writing systems: New York Point, American (Revised) Braille, French (Original) Braille, and English Braille. All the systems, with the exception of New York Point, will be described as modern braille is described, by identifying the number of the dot or dots within a single braille cell that make up a particular character. New York Point should be imagined as a modern braille cell turned 90 degrees to the right (three dots wide by two dots high). Therefore, dot 1 for New York Point would be the upper right dot, dot 2 would be the middle upper dot, dot 3 would be the upper left dot, dot 4 would be the lower right dot, dot 5 would be the middle lower dot, and dot 6 would be the lower left dot.
Tactile print alphabets and slates
New York Point
a: dots 2, 3
b: dots 1, 2, 3, 6
c: dots 2, 3, 4
d: dots 1, 2, 4
e: dot 2
f: dots 1, 2, 3
g: dots 1, 4, 5, 6
h: dots 1, 2, 4, 5, 6
i: dots 2, 5
j: dots 1, 2, 3, 5
k: dots 1, 2, 3, 4
l: dots 2, 4, 5
m: dots 2, 3, 5
n: dots 5, 6
o: dots 1, 5
p: dots 3, 4, 5
q: dots 3, 4, 5, 6
r: dots 2, 5, 6
s: dots 3, 4
t: dot 5
u: dots 4, 5, 6
v: dots 1, 3, 5
w: dots 1, 5, 6
x: dots 1, 3, 4, 5, 6
y: dots 2, 4, 6
z: dots 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
#: full cell
1: dots 1, 2, 4, 5
2: dots 1, 2
3: dots 1, 4, 5
4: dots 1, 2, 5
5: dots 1, 2, 4
6: dots 2, 4, 5
7: dots 1, 5
8: dots 2, 4
9: dots 2, 5
0: dots 1
comma: dot 1
semicolon: dot 5
colon: dots 2, 4, 5
period: dots 1, 2, 4, 5
question mark: dots 1, 2, 4
exclamation point: dots 1, 4, 5
em-dash: dots 4, 5, 6, 6
open parenthesis: dots 2, 3, 6
closed parenthesis: dots 2, 3, 6
apostrophe: dots 1, 2, 3, 6, 3, 6
en-dash: dots 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 3
open quotation mark: dots 3, 4, 5, 6
closed quotation mark: dots 3, 4, 5, 6
American (Revised) Braille
a: dot 1
b: dots 1, 2, 6
c: dots 2, 4, 5
d: dots 1, 4, 5
e: dot 2
f: dots 1, 2, 4
g: dots 1, 2, 4, 5
h: dots 1, 2, 5
i: dots 2, 4
j: dots 1, 3, 4, 5, 6
k: dots 1, 2, 3, 5
l: dots 1, 2, 3
m: dots 1, 3, 4
n: dots 3, 4, 6
o: dots 1, 5
p: dots 1, 4, 6
q: dots 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
r: dots 1, 4
s: dots 1, 3
t: dots 1, 2
u: dots 1, 3, 6
v: dots 1, 2, 3, 6
w: dots 2, 4, 5, 6
x: dots 1, 2, 3, 5, 6
y: dots 3, 4, 5
z: dots 1, 2, 4, 5, 6
#: dots 3, 4, 5, 6
1: dot 1
2: dots 1, 2
3: dots 1, 4
4: dots 1, 4, 5
5: dots 1, 5
6: dots 1, 2, 4
7: dots 1, 2, 4, 5
8: dots 1, 2, 5
9: dots 2, 4
0: dots 2, 4, 5
comma: dot 3
semicolon: dots 2, 3
colon: dots 3, 5, 6
period: dots 3, 6
question mark: dots 2, 5, 6
exclamation point: dots 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
em-dash: dots 2, 5, 2, 5
open parenthesis: dots 2, 3, 5, 6
closed parenthesis: dots 2, 3, 5, 6
apostrophe: dots 1, 4
en-dash: dots 2, 5
open quotation mark: dots 2, 3, 6
closed quotation mark: dots 2, 3, 6
French (Original) Braille
a: dot 1
b: dots 1, 2
c: dots 1, 4
d: dots 1, 4, 5
e: dots 1, 5
f: dots 1, 2, 4
g: dots 1, 2, 4, 5
h: dots 1, 2, 5
i: dots 2, 4
j: dots 2, 4, 5
k: dots 1, 3
l: dots 1, 2, 3
m: dots 1, 3, 4
n: dots 1, 3, 4, 5
o: dots 1, 3, 5
p: dots 1, 2, 3, 4
q: dots 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
r: dots 1, 2, 3, 5
s: dots 2, 3, 4
t: dots 2, 3, 4, 5
u: dots 1, 3, 6
v: dots 1, 2, 3, 6
x: dots 1, 3, 4, 6
y: dots 1, 3, 4, 5, 6
z: dots 1, 3, 5, 6
c cedilla: dots 1, 2, 3, 4, 6
e acute: dots 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
a grave: dots 1, 2, 3, 5, 6
e grave: dots 2, 3, 4, 6
u grave: dots 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
a circumflex: dots 1, 6
e circumflex: dots 1, 2, 6
i curcumflex: dots 1, 4, 6
o circumflex: dots 1, 4, 5, 6
u circumflex: dots 1, 5, 6
e umlat: dots 1, 2, 4, 6
u umlat: dots 1, 2, 4, 5, 6
oe ligature: dots 1, 2, 5, 6
English Braille
a: dot 1
b: dots 1, 2
c: dots 1, 4
d: dots 1, 4, 5
e: dots 1, 5
f: dots 1, 2, 4
g: dots 1, 2, 4, 5
h: dots 1, 2, 5
i: dots 2, 4
j: dots 2, 4, 5
k: dots 1, 3
l: dots 1, 2, 3
m: dots 1, 3, 4
n: dots 1, 3, 4, 5
o: dots 1, 3, 5
p: dots 1, 2, 3, 4
q: dots 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
r: dots 1, 2, 3, 5
s: dots 2, 3, 4
t: dots 2, 3, 4, 5
u: dots 1, 3, 6
v: dots 1, 2, 3, 6
w: dots 2, 4, 5, 6
x: dots 1, 3, 4, 6
y: dots 1, 3, 4, 5, 6
z: dots 1, 3, 5, 6
Sections of slates on which New York Point and Braille are written by hand, and a continuous row of dots as they would appear if written on each style of slate.
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