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Home > Publishing > For Authors > AFB Press Guidelines
AFB Press Guidelines for AuthorsContents
Manuscript Submissions
Manuscript Submission Checklist
Manuscript SubmissionsAuthors wishing to submit a manuscript or an idea for a publications project can submit manuscript proposals to AFB Press, 11 Penn Plaza, Suite 300, New York, NY 10001, Attn: Director/Editor in Chief. A manuscript proposal should include a letter that describes the following:
In addition, letters should be accompanied by a complete table of contents for the proposed manuscript, as well as a sample chapter or chapters. Complete draft manuscripts may be submitted if they are available and are requested by a staff member of AFB press. For information on how to prepare a manuscript for submission after it has been accepted for publication, see the following section on "Manuscript Preparation." Manuscript PreparationA carefully prepared manuscript helps to ensure a more accurate and attractive publication. The cleaner the manuscript, the more precise the editing and the fewer the number of corrections required to the electronic typesetting files before page proofs are generated. Book design is its own specialty. Although personal computers and word processors enable everyone to produce professional-looking reports and presentations, the preparation of a manuscript for publication should include the minimum amount of formatting necessary to present the material consistently. If you "design" your submission, AFB Press has to strip out the codes you have inserted and substitute typesetting codes that reflect the book's final design. In addition, each author in a contributory work may choose to style the elements differently, thereby creating even more work for the editor and typesetter. In short, a plain and simple presentation, with only the formatting indicated below, is far more useful than an elegantly designed submission. Electronic FilesComputer Hardware and Software
Text Files
HeadingsThe manuscript should be divided with headings and subheadings that function as an outline to reveal the organization of a manuscript. (However, headings should not substitute for text that introduces a new section or concept.) Three levels of headings and subheadings are sufficient for most manuscripts; occasionally, four levels are required. All topics of equal importance should have the same level of heading or subheading throughout. All headings should be short, clear, and parallel in grammatical structure throughout the manuscript. Note that a chapter or main section should not have only one heading of a particular level. Under a #1 head, there must be at least two #2 heads, or none at all; under a #2 head, there must be at least two #3 heads, or none at all. Keep the heads the same size as the text and keep them flush left (do not center). Distinguish among the different levels of heads as follows: #1 Head: Bold capital letters (e.g., NUMBER ONE HEAD) #2 Head: Bold, capital and lowercase letters (e.g., Number Two Head) #3 Head: Italic, capital and lowercase letters (e.g., Number Three Head) #4 Head: Bold italic, initial capital, run into text and followed by a period. (e.g., Number four head.) Organization and StyleEach chapter should open with a brief introductory paragraph that is a capsule statement of the chapter's main idea and end with a concluding sentence that summarizes the overall theme. The elements of the chapter should appear in the following order: text, references, and figure captions. Tables and artwork, as well as sidebars, should be in separate files and placed at the very end of the chapter to which they relate. See the "Tables" and "Artwork" sections of this guide for further details. As you write, keep in mind your primary audience, and provide definitions for professional and technical terms the first time each is used. Avoid jargon, slang, and writing in the first person. Organize the material in paragraphs that are logically sequenced and are longer than one sentence. For spelling and hyphenation, AFB Press follows the most recent edition of Webster's Collegiate Dictionary. For reference citations and number style, use APA (American Psychological Association) style (see the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association [Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2001]). For all other style points, follow The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993). TerminologyAFB Press publications present information in a professional and objective manner. Thus, terminology should be accurate, clearly defined, unemotional, and nonsexist. As in other areas of study, the fields of visual impairment and vision rehabilitation have terminology specific to them. However, different authors use these terms in different ways, and the meanings of various terms often overlap. To avoid confusion, authors are advised to define their terminology clearly in the manuscript. In general, AFB Press uses the term "blindness" to refer to the condition in which an individual has no usable vision, with the exception of light perception. The term "visual impairment" refers to conditions that encompass the entire continuum, from blindness to severe to moderate reductions of visual function. The term "low vision" is often used in different ways; therefore, authors should specifically define how they are using this term. Contributors to edited volumes should review their use of terminology with their editors to ensure that it is consistent throughout the book. In selecting terminology, be sensitive to the reactions of others. Thus, AFB Press discourages the use of terms such as "normal" and "deficits," expressions such as "of course," and emotion-laden wording, such as "unfortunately," "tragically," "sadly," and "burden." Similarly, avoid such words as "victim," and "suffering," as in the phrases "he was the victim of macular degeneration" or "she suffered the burden of blindness." Finally, avoid absolutes, such as "everyone," "always," "the best," and "the worst." Use the phrase "needs to" in place of "must" and "should." Preferred Terminology
Appropriate LanguageAFB Press policy is to use language that avoids old-fashioned gender/ethnic/racial stereotypes. Such language can be accurate without being wordy or awkward.
The following examples can serve as a guide:
Preferred SpellingThe following are the preferred spelling for some terms often found in AFB Press publications:
Other Text ElementsAbbreviations/AcronymsThe first time an abbreviation or acronym appears in a chapter, place it in parentheses after the full term is spelled out. For example, the first reference to AFB should be "American Foundation for the Blind (AFB)." Thereafter, the abbreviation or acronym can be used in the chapter. Cross-ReferencesWhen a manuscript is typeset, the page numbers will change. Therefore, avoid cross-references to specific pages. Instead, refer to a specific section or by using statements such as "see the following discussion," "see Chapter 6," or "see the section on Needs of Preschool Students." If you are editing a multicontributory work, use chapter numbers when referring to other chapters in the volume. NumbersSpell out the numbers one to nine; use numerals for numbers greater than nine. However, use the same style for the same categories of objects within a paragraph, as in "The two children traveled 50 miles to see their five cousins" or "One subject rated 15 traits on the four checklists and two subjects rated only 4 traits." When numbers start a sentence, they should always be written out. Note:
QuotationsIn general, avoid lengthy direct quotations from sources protected by copyright. Such quotations should be used only when essential to a full understanding of an author's meaning. In presenting a theory or argument drawn from previously published work, paraphrase or summarize the author's meaning and cite the appropriate source. Quotations in the text should be enclosed in double quotation marks. Quotations of longer than eight lines should be set off from the text as block quotations or extracts and indented from the left margin. Citations must be provided for all quotations, regardless of length, including exact page numbers. Quotations longer than approximately 50 words require written permission from the copyright owner before publication. AFB Press authors are required to obtain such permissions in writing and submit original signed releases with the manuscript. In addition, the author is required to provide a complete source line, including page numbers, in the text. A sample letter requesting permission to quote from original sources appears at the end of these guidelines. ReferencesReference citations (in APA style) should be used rather than superscripted or parenthetical footnotes. The need for accuracy in all citations cannot be overemphasized. Verify all references before submitting your manuscript, paying particular attention to the spelling of proper names and to the completeness of the body of the entry (title, date, volume number, pages, etc.). Please note that every citation in the text must be listed in the references and that every reference must be cited in the text. The reference list should not include "additional readings" or works that have been submitted (but not accepted) for publication. TablesReserve tables to present crucial data directly related to the text of the manuscript and to simplify a discussion that would otherwise be dense with numbers. Tables should in all cases supplement, not duplicate, the text. They should be numbered consecutively in each chapter, and they should be headed by a short title that describes the content. All table columns should also have concise headings. In addition, adequate explanations of abbreviations, probability values, and similar features should be provided as lettered footnotes to the tables. All tables must be specifically mentioned in the text either in a sentence, such as "Table 1 presents the findings of the Smith study" or in parentheses, as in "The Smith study findings support this conclusion (see Table 1)." When preparing electronic files, place each table in a separate double-spaced file titled according to the table number (Table1, Table2, etc.). Do not force the table columns to align by tabbing turnover lines. Use the word processor's table function so that each column within a table aligns within itself. Do not give the table a border or use vertical rules to set off columns or rows. The source for the data in the table must be acknowledged (unless the source is the author's own work). The style for table source notes is as follows: Source: Based on S. J. Samuels, "The Method of Repeated Reading," Reading Teacher, 33 (1979), p. 26; and R. J. Tierney, J. E. Readence, and E. K. Dishneer, Reading Strategies and Practices: A Compendium, 3d ed. (Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 1990). If a table has been acquired from another source and is reproduced in its original format, written permission must be obtained for its use and a permissions line must be given at the bottom of the table. Such permissions, in the form of original signed release forms, need to be included in the final submission of the manuscript. A sample letter requesting permission to use material from original sources appears at the end of these guidelines. ArtworkIf a manuscript contains photographs and figures (i.e., illustrations such as drawings, graphs, and diagrams), the author is required to submit final artwork for each piece (i.e., art that is ready to be scanned or printed without any redrawing or relettering) at the final submission of the manuscript. Figures obtained from other sources need to be accompanied by written permission from the original source for their use. In addition, photographs must be accompanied by release forms signed by any person depicted in the photograph (or the person's parent or guardian). Formal agreements also need to be completed and signed by photographers or illustrators whose work is used. Sample letters requesting permission to use artwork from original sources and release forms for subjects in photographs appear at the end of these guidelines. Authors working with AFB Press may request release forms for use with individuals and photographers from AFB. A complete, numbered list of photographs and artwork should be submitted with the final manuscript, along with photocopies of the artwork numbered to correspond to the items on the list. These numbers should also be used to indicate art placement in the text. Photographs related to the general theme of the chapter may not have numbers in the final publication, but authors should number them (P1, P2) on their list of photographs and should indicate the most appropriate placement in the text by inserting the following line where applicable: <Place Photo P1 about here> All figures (not photographs) must be specifically mentioned in the text either in a sentence, such as "Figure 1 illustrates the parts of the eye," or in parentheses, for example, "The student needs to learn the parts of the eye (see Figure 1)." Captions and CreditsA list of captions for all illustrations should be included at the time of final submission. The captions should be written as sentences and contain as much information as possible, for example, "Figure 3. A closed-circuit television and magnifier are low vision devices." The caption numbers should match the illustration number. The list of captions should be double spaced and should be the last element in the chapter. When necessary, source lines should appear on a separate line at the end of the caption. Captions should always be part of the text file and not the electronic art file. Conventional Art, Figures, and PhotographsConventional ArtIf you are submitting hard copies of all art, please note:
Line Drawings
Photographic PrintsWhen submitting photographic prints:
Electronic Art, Figures and PhotographsElectronic ArtAlthough many acceptable methods are available for creating artwork electronically, some methods that are appropriate for preparing a report or printing a manuscript from a desktop system may not be efficient or may not allow for the highest quality reproduction in a professionally typeset publication. Sometimes authors spend time creating electronic figures that cannot be used or need to be redrafted because of differences in printing requirements between desktop and commercial systems. No matter what format is used to prepare art, a disk containing the first few pieces, with a printout using the highest quality resolution possible, should be sent to AFB Press for review before proceeding with the preparation of the rest of the artwork for a book.
Digital PhotographsDespite the many recent advances in digital photography, black-and-white slides or glossy prints from a 35-mm camera are still the best for reproduction in a print publication at present (although this may change rapidly as technology continues to improve). There are a number of reasons for this, which relate to the different technologies used to produce print and digital images. First, book printers use devices with much higher resolution than computer screens or home or office printers. Therefore, images that look crisp on the screen look fuzzy and grainy when reproduced in a book. Most inexpensive digital cameras store files as low-resolution images of 72 dpi (dots per inch). This will not produce an adequate image in a printing process. Photographs must have a minimum resolution of 300 dpi and be stored as .epf or .tif files. Second, the color technology to produce digital and print images is different. Digital cameras store color as RGB (red-green-blue) files; printers use CYMK (cyan-yellow-magenta-black) files. When RGB files are converted to CYMK, red and similar colors become murky; when these files are then converted to black and white, red may turn entirely black and become indistinguishable from the background. When submitting photographs taken with a digital camera:
Manuscript Submission Checklist
SAMPLE PERMISSION LETTER TO REPRINT A QUOTATION
This letter requests permission to reprint the attached quotation [provide copy], which appears on p. xxx in Volume X of [Title of Publication], for an upcoming book to be published by AFB Press of the American Foundation for the Blind, entitled [title of AFB Press publication in which material is to be used]. This will be a comprehensive book on [insert a one-sentence description]. For your information, the initial print run for this book is estimated to be xxxx copies. We will be happy to use any credit line you wish to provide. Please note that the American Foundation for the Blind is a nonprofit organization, as is AFB Press. To assist in the publication process, I would appreciate greatly a response to this request by [date]. To indicate your approval, please sign in the space provided below. If you have any questions, you may reach me at (xxx) xxx-xxxx or by e-mail at [e-mail address]. Thank you for your kind consideration. Sincerely,
Permission is granted for use of the material specified above and permission fee is waived, provided appropriate credit is included.
Name: _____________________________________________
SAMPLE PERMISSION LETTER TO REPRINT AN ILLUSTRATION, TABLE, OR FORM Date
This letter requests permission to reprint the attached illustration of [describe and include a copy], which appears on p. xxx in Volume X of [Title of Publication], for an upcoming book to be published by AFB Press of the American Foundation for the Blind, entitled [title of AFB Press publication in which material is to be used]. This will be a comprehensive book on [insert a one-sentence description]. For your information, the initial print run for this book is estimated to be xxxx copies. We will be happy to use any credit line you wish to provide. Please note that the American Foundation for the Blind is a nonprofit organization, as is AFB Press. I am also requesting a high-quality print of the illustration., if that is possible. To assist in the publication process, I would appreciate greatly a response to this request by [date]. To indicate your approval, please sign in the space provided below. If you have any questions, you may reach me at (xxx) xxx-xxxx or by e-mail at [e-mail address]. Thank you for you kind consideration. Sincerely,[Name] [Title] Permission is granted for use of the material specified above and permission fee is waived, provided appropriate credit is included.
Name: ____________________________________________
SAMPLE PHOTO RELEASE FORMRELEASE FORM I, the undersigned, hereby grant permission to _____________________________ to photograph and/or film me and to use and distribute for publication in print, videotape, audiotape, or on the Internet any such photographs or film, or portions thereof, for any purpose or purposes, including, but not limited to, educational, clinical, scientific, and related purposes. In granting such permission, I hereby relinquish any right, title, or interest in such photographs or recordings. __________________________________________ will hold all rights to the material. __________________________________________________________
SPACE BELOW FOR AMERICAN FOUNDATION FOR THE BLIND USE ONLY Description of Subject & Location: Photographer/Videographer: ________________________________ |
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